¶¨ÖÆ
·Ç±êÂÝË¿£¬ÒòΪÂÝË¿ÐͺŹæ¸ñµÄÌØÊâÐÔ(particularity)ºÍ´ó¶àÊý²úÁ¿Æ«µÍµÄÒòËØ£¬¼Û¸ñ±ÈÆÕͨµÄ±ê×¼ÂÝË¿¼Û¸ñ¶¼Òª¸ßһЩ£¬ÓÚÊǺܶàÆóÒµ(Enterprise)Ôڲɹº·Ç±êÂÝË¿µÄʱºò£¬Õ¼±È±¾À´²»ÖصÄÂÝË¿³É±¾Ò²³ÉÁ˱ØÐëÈÏÕæºËËãµÄÒ»¸ö²úÆ·³É±¾Ö®Ò»¡£·Ç±êÂÝ˿ΪÈÕ³£Éú»îÖв»¿É»òȱµÄ¹¤Òµ±ØÐèÆ·£ºÈçÕÕÏà»ú¡¢ÑÛ¾µ¡¢ÖÓ±í¡¢µç×ÓµÈʹÓõļ«Ð¡µÄÂÝË¿£»µçÊÓ¡¢µçÆøÖÆÆ·¡¢ÀÖÆ÷¡¢¼Ò¾ßµÈµÄÒ»°ãÂÝË¿£»ÖÁÓÚ¹¤³Ì¡¢½¨Öþ¡¢ÇÅÁºÔòʹÓôóÐÍÂÝË¿¡¢ÂÝñ£»½»Í¨Æ÷¾ß¡¢·É»ú¡¢µç³µ¡¢Æû³µµÈÔòΪ´óСÂÝË¿²¢Óá£ÄÇô£¬¶¨ÖƷDZêÂÝË¿³ýÁËÔÚÂÝË¿µÄÌØÊâÐÔ¶¨ÖÆ·½°¸(plan)Éϼ۸ñÏà¶Ô½Ï¸ßһЩ£¬ºÜ¶àÈËÒ²»áÎÊ£¬×î½üÂÝ˿ԲÄÁÏ(Material)Ò»Ö±Ôڱ䶯£¬ÄÇÕâ¸öÂÝË¿³É±¾¼Û¸ñ²»ÊÇÏàÓ¦µØÒ²Òª±ä¶¯¶àÉÙô£¿Õâ¸öÏë·¨¿´ËÆÊǷdz£ºÏÀíÕýÈ·µÄ£¬µ«ÊÇʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ºËËã³É±¾µÄʱºò£¬Õâ¿é¼Û¸ñµÄ¸¡¶¯£¬²¢²»»á³ÉΪµ¥Ò»Ò»´Î¼Û¸ñµÄ¸¡¶¯±ê×¼¡£

¾Í¹«Ë¾ºËËã·Ç±êÂÝË¿£¨screw)¶¨ÖÆÕâ¿éµÄ³É±¾À´Ëµ£¬Ã¿´ÎÔ²ÄÁϵļ۸ñ¶¼ÊÇÈ¡Êг¡¼Û£¨Market value)¸ñÉÏÏÂ10%µÄ¸¡¶¯À´ÕÛÖмÆË㣨calculate £©µÄ£¬ËùÒÔÔ²ÄÁÏÉÏϸ¡¶¯10%ÒÔÄÚ£¬¶ÔÂÝË¿µÄ¼Û¸ñÊÇûÓÐÈκÎÓ°ÏìµÄ¡£·Ç±êÂÝË¿ÊÇÀûÓÃÎïÌåµÄÐ±ÃæÔ²ÐÎÐýתºÍĦ²ÁÁ¦µÄÎïÀíѧºÍÊýѧÔÀí£¬ÑÐò½¥½øµØ½ô¹ÌÆ÷Îï»ú¼þµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£ÂÝË¿Êǽô¹Ì¼þµÄͨÓÃ˵·¨£¬ÈÕ³£¿ÚÍ·Óï¡£Ïñ²»Ðâ¸Ö(²»ÐâÄÍËá¸Ö)ÂÝË¿µÄÔ²ÄÁÏ£¬´ÓÈ¥ÄêʮԷݿªÊ¼Ò»Ö±ÊÇÉÏÉýÇ÷ÊÆ£¨trend)£¬ÂÝ˿ʮÔ·ݵļ۸ñʵ¼ÊÈÔÈ»ÊÇÒÔÉÏÉýÒÔǰµÄ¼Û¸ñÀ´Óë¿Í»§£¨k¨¨ h¨´£©½øÐкËË㣬ֻÓе½ÁËÊ®¶þÔ·Ý×óÓÒ£¬Ô²ÄÁϵļ۸ñʵÔڱ䶯̫´ó£¬ºËËã¼Û¸ñ²Å»áÓÐÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈµÄÉÏÐС£Í¬Àí£¬ÏÂÐеÄʱºòÒ²ÊÇÒ»Ñù¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÍ(»¯Ñ§Ê½Cu)ÂÝË¿£¬Ô²ÄÁϱ䶯´óµÄʱºò¼¸ºõÒ»ÌìÒ»¸ö¼Û¸ñ£¬ÓÐʱºòÉÏÐУ¬ÓÐʱºòϵø£¬×ܲ»ÄÜÒò´ËÌìÌì¸øÍÂÝË¿ºËËãÒ»¸ö±¨¼Û(quotation)£¬ÄǶÔÓÚÆóÒµ(Enterprise)ÄÚ²¿ÔËÓª³É±¾À´Ëµ£¬¸üÊÇÒ»ÖÖ±äÏàµÄ³É±¾Ôö¼ÓÁË¡£
ËùÒÔ¶¨ÖƷDZêÂÝË¿£¨screw)µÄ¼Û¸ñ£¬Ö÷Òª»¹ÊÇÔÚÓڷDZêÂÝË¿±¾ÉíµÄ¹¤ÒÕ¸´Ôӳ̶ÈÒÔ¼°ÂÝË¿±¾ÉíµÄ±ÈÖØÊǶàÉÙ£¬Õâ¸ö²ÅÊÇ×îÖØÒªµÄÓ°ÏìÂÝË¿¼Û¸ñµÄÒòËØ(factor)¡£ÏàÐŶÔÓÚ×öÉú²ú(Produce)ÖÆÔìµÄÿ¸öÆóÒµÀ´Ëµ£¬ÔÚÔ²ÄÁϼ۸ñµÄÕÆ¿ØÉÏ£¬¶¼ÓÐ×Å×Ô¼ºÐÐÒµµÄÒ»Ì׳ɱ¾£¨Cost£©±ê×¼£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚºËËã³É±¾¼Û¸ñµÄʱºò£¬ÏàП÷ÐÐÒµµÄÆóÒµ¶¼ÒѾ×öÁ˼۸ñÉÏϸ¡¶¯¶àÉÙµÄÔ¤ËãÁË¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÂÝ˿ԲÄÁ϶ÔÓÚ¶¨ÖƷDZêÂÝË¿Éú²ú³É±¾£¬Ö»ÊǼ«Ð¡µÄÒ»¸ö·½ÃæÁË¡£
ÓйØÂÝË¿³É±¾£¨Cost£©·½Ãæ¸ü¶àµÄѶϢ£¬¿ÉµÇ½¹«Ë¾¹ÙÍø²é¿´¸ü¶àÐÂÎÅ×ÊѶ£¬±ê×¼¼þÔÚ¶¨ÖƷDZêÂÝË¿·½ÃæÓнü20ÄêµÄ¾Ñ飬²»ÂÛ´Ó¼¼Êõ½Ç¶È»¹ÊÇÊг¡ÐÐÇé·½Ãæ£¬¶¼ÓÐ×ÅÆóÒµ(Enterprise)×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»Ì׳ÉÊìµÄ·½°¸£¬ÏàÐÅ»á¸øÓÐÐèÒªµÄÉú²ú(Produce)ÖÆÔìÆóҵһЩ¾Ñé¼¼ÊõÉϵİïÖú¡£ÂÝË¿
¶¨ÖÆÂÝË¿£¬Ò²ÓÐÈ˽ÐËü¡°Âݶ¤¡±£¨ÂÝË¿¶¤£©¡¢¡°Âݸˡ±£¨ÂÝË¿¸Ë£©¡£ÆäʵÂÝË¿ÊÇͨ³Æ£¬¶øÂÝË¿¶¤¡¢ÂÝË¿¸Ë¶¼ÊÇ»¥ÓÐÇø±ðµÄ¡£ÂÝË¿¶¤Ò»°ã½ÐľÂÝË¿£»ÊÇǰ¶ËÓмâÍ·µÄÄÇÖÖ£¬Âݾà½Ï´ó£¬Ò»°ãÓÃÓÚ½ô¹Ìľ֯¼þ¡¢ËÜÁϼþ¡£ÂÝË¿¸ËÊÇ»úÂÝË¿£¨»úеÂÝË¿£©£¬ÊÇǰ¶ËƽͷµÄÄÇÖÖ£¬Âݾà½ÏС£¬¾ùÔÈ£¬Ò»°ãÓÃÓÚ½ô¹Ì½ðÊô¡¢»úÆ÷²¿¼þ¡£